Guest blog: Turning CA into ‘child’s play’

CA scholars are proving increasingly inventive at engaging their students with the science and craft of the discipline. We have already featured a blog about using an AI podcast to help students work their way through an academic research paper, and one of the most frequently visited blog pages on this site is a long list of video clips which illustrate CA practices for use in teaching. Here I’m delighted to feature an intriguing new teaching resource developed by Maartje Roodzant and Borbala Sallai at the Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen.

Can teaching CA be gamified?

How to educationally entertain (or entertainingly educate?) a group of 15 scholars of social interaction? This is the question we asked ourselves recently when we were tasked with organizing a teambuilding day for our research group Language and Social Interaction (LanSI) at Radboud University in the Netherlands. The answer came to us in the form of a game of ‘CA Memory’: a brainchild of the first author.

In this blog post, we will tell you about this game, how it was created, and how it can be applied for various academic purposes, while also reflecting on how this game fits in the trend towards gamification in science.

First we prepared a set of cards. One set was made up of abstracts of an academic paper that studied a certain phenomenon; the other set was made of matching short clips from a movie or tv show which featured a salient (we hoped!) instance of those phenomena. The cards were mixed up and placed face down on the floor.

When a card with a number was uncovered, we played the corresponding clip to the players; if it was an abstract, the players read it and discussed it.. Then the card was placed face down again, and as the game went on and the players had got an idea of where the cards were, they had to pair them up.

The cards laid out, face down. As the player turns them over one at a time, can they remember the pairs?

The game
The objective of the game is basically to identify and remember those pairs. Players were divided into teams to speed up the game and to make it more engaging. Then, it was finally time to start playing the game, using the following rules:

  1. Mix the cards and lay them face-down on the floor, arranging them in a big square (classic memory-style). Discuss the rules:
    a. Is note-taking allowed?
    b. What is the maximum time for teams to confer during their turn?
  2. The team with the youngest player starts.
  3. Upon each turn, one team member flips over two cards at a time.
  4. The corresponding video clips and abstracts are shown on a big screen to ensure visibility for all players. Note:
    a. Each fragment is only shown once per turn.
    b. A predetermined amount of time will be allocated to read the abstract upon first appearance (e.g., 2 minutes).
    c. It is possible that players end up with two abstracts or two fragments in one turn.
  5. When the team thinks they have a match, they ask the jury to assess.
    a. If the match is correct, the team claims the pair and takes another turn.
    b. If the match is incorrect, the team flips the cards back over and the next team takes their turn.
  6. The game ends when all the correct pairs are claimed. The team with the most pairs wins.

Try it yourself

Would you like to try the game out for yourself? We won’t make you do the memory version, but at least you can see if you can match up the cards! We’ve helped by turning the cards over already. Click on the numbered tiles to open the video clips, then see if you can pair the card with an Abstract. (You can check your guesses with the answers at the foot of this blog.)

Game play The team typically spread out the cards in front of them on the floor, and puzzled over them for some time.

Two of the teams try to find matches between the video clips and the academic abstracts

How did it go?

Did this go entirely without struggle? Of course not.

Try to put some critical (CA) scholars in a room, show them a fragment, and you will definitely get some fairly argumentative exchanges. Isolating a single interactional phenomenon in a 30-second clip, especially when one does not know what they are looking for, is quite a challenge. Lots of discussions – within teams, between teams and between the jury and teams – arose. Not only did this make the game more fun, but it also allowed for data session-style collaborative thinking.

Overall, it turned out to be a very fun and rewarding activity, with lots of potential for applications outside of our own teambuilding day.

Two comments about the game from participants

Adapting CA Memory for various settings

Building on our experience with CA Memory, we propose that it could be used for a variety of (semi-)academic purposes, including:

  1. teaching CA, as it helps engage with literature in a playful setting,
  2. as an ice-breaker activity for a conference,
  3. in a research group to get to know each other’s research,
  4. etc.

Virtually any aspect of the game can be adapted depending on the audience and intended outcome. You can adjust the gameplay process, the level of difficulty and the content as you like. For example, you could (dis)allow note-taking, turn it into a puzzle instead of memory (by showing all fragments + abstracts at once and letting the participants find the matches), or allow for preparatory reading. The game also lends itself well to being ‘recipient-design’-ed, by adding papers and fragments based on the course curriculum or the scientific output of the players – in our case, this was well received.

If you want to create your own version, you could use the video clips in this ROLSI blog of video clips which illustrate CA practices. If you have any further questions, feel free to reach out to Bori (borbala.sallai@ru.nl) or Maartje (maartje.roodzant@ru.nl).


  • Check if you got the connections. The correct matches between number and abstract:
  • 1 = Preference organisation
  • 2 = The putative preference for offers over requests
  • 3 = A simplest systematics for the organisation of turn-taking for conversation

Guest Blog: Analysing Carl Rogers’s Psychotherapy

Carl Rogers was perhaps one of the most influential psychotherapists of the late 20th century, with his “person-centred psychotherapy” having a lasting impact for many decades later. Attention has recently turned to how psychotherapy achieves its ends in talk, and here Yuanyuan Zhang, from Loughborough University, tells us how – as an aspiring therapist herself, as well as a conversation analyst – she looked into the therapy black box by studying online recordings of Rogers’s own psychotherapy sessions.

Yuanyuan Zhang, Loughborough University

My interest in psychotherapy initially started from my role as a psychotherapy client. Later, I wanted to learn the craft of psychotherapy, and this led me to undertake psychotherapy training. I came across Carl Rogers’ recorded sessions during the training course. The trainer played us Rogers’s therapy sessions with “Gloria” and “Dion” (publicly available on YouTube) to illustrate the psychotherapy process and invite students’ comments.

I didn’t pursue the training, but instead became fascinated by what Rogers was doing in his sessions, and I decided to make it the focus of my doctoral work.

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Guest blog: Ethnomethodology, from Manchester to MS Teams

One of the most adhesive binding agents for researchers in EM/CA is the weekly get-together, whether to pore over data or to discuss the week’s chosen reading. Some reading groups and data sessions come and go, and some have an admirably long and unbroken history. One of the latter is the Ethnomethodology Reading Group originally based at Manchester University. Here, Phil Hutchinson delves into its past and looks forward to its future.

Phil Hutchinson, Manchester Metropolitan University

Every Wednesday, at 10am UK time, a familiar pattern unfolds on my laptop screen. I open MS Teams and watch as people log on from across the globe. Most have the week’s PDF open on a second screen. For the next three hours we do something simple but increasingly rare: we talk, in detail, about a piece of ethnomethodology, conversation analysis, or related philosophy that everyone has read closely. This is The Ethnomethodology Reading Group.

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Guest Blog: A new book on Erving Goffman

Erving Goffman’s legacy is everywhere visible in the social sciences, and Wendy Leeds-Hurwitz‘s new book shines light on the “invisible college” of his contemporaries among his close circle and further afield. The result is a fascinating account of the intellectual climate of the 1960s-1980s, and a throughly engaging read for all whose work has felt the influence of Goffman down the ages.

Wendy Leeds-Hurwitz

In writing Mapping Goffman’s Invisible College (Leeds-Hurwitz, 2025), I followed the advice I was given in graduate school: to research something most others did not know about. The name, and the work, of Erving Goffman are of course well known in the social sciences; but he has typically been described as a “loner” and I wanted to throw some light on the intellectual environment surrounding him.

Here I will describe two elements: why I began this project in the first place, and a little about the research process.

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Guest Blog: Inaugurating EatSiN, the Eating in Social Interaction Network

What does it mean to eat together with other people? Sally Wiggins Young has delved deep into it, and come back with a fresh, new way of seeing what had seemed to be a familiar landscape. Here she and  Amy van der Heijden report on their inauguration of EatSiN, a wide-ranging group bringing together EM/CA researchers working on what happens when people eat in the company of others.

What do we know about eating as a social phenomenon? It’s been an object of study for EMCA and language socialisation research, whether as data source (such as the data set affectionately known to CA old hands as the chicken dinner transcripts), as topic (such as the latest multimodal research on tasting), or both. But there isn’t an over-arching way of thinking about it – until you stand back and compare it with other ways in which people spend time together.

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Guest Blog: Can you use an AI-generated podcast of a ROLSI article to help teach CA?

No one in higher education will escape the urgent debate about the role of AI in teaching and learning. But what, specifically, does it mean for teaching conversation analysis? Is there anything about the peculiarities of generative AI that could actually be useful? Bogdana Huma, Nthabiseng Shongwe, Borbála Sallai, all from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, take us through an intriguing experiment which tries to answer that question. Along the way, Bogdana links to an intriguing AI-generated podcast of a ROLSI article, which is a fascinating artefact in its own right, and a novel teaching resource.

Bogdana Huma, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam

In academia, the availability of generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI) through platforms such as ChatGPT, Claude, or NotebookLM has started to transform how we work, how we teach, how we learn, and even how we think. When we seek information, it is tempting to turn to these platforms, even though we know that their answers can be unreliable. Referred to as “hallucinating”, “falsifying”, or “fabricating”, making up facts is genAI’s well-known Achilles’ heel for which there is no remedy in sight.

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Guest blog: The Trump-Zelenskyy White House meeting – heated exchange or one-sided ambush?

The meeting in the White House on February 28, 2025 made headlines around the world. President Trump and his vice president JD Vance accused President Zelensky of obstructiveness and ingratitude, in what many saw as offensively intemperate terms. The details of the exchange bear close scrutiny and study, and we are lucky to have a detailed and thoughtful analysis by Alexa Hepburn.

Alexa Hepburn, Rutgers University

Political meetings between heads of state typically follow a predictable structure: expressions of goodwill, diplomatic pleasantries, and controlled messaging. Even in disagreement, leaders maintain strategic ambiguity to uphold a sense of alignment or at least mutual respect (e.g., Biden & Zelenskyy, 2021). However, the February 28, 2025, Oval Office meeting between U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy broke sharply from this norm. Widely described as unprecedented in its public confrontation, some media outlets framed it as an “ambush” (Nichols, 2025), with Zelenskyy “aggressively bullied” (Elser, 2025). Others portrayed a two-way dispute, calling it a “shouting match” (Sanger, 2025) or a “spat” (Faguy & Matza, 2025).

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Guest Blog: Where did “The baby cried…” come from?

“The baby cried. The mommy picked it up” is Harvey Sacks’s vivid example of how descriptions imply relationships, attitudes, behaviours and a whole host of physical, social and perhaps moral attributes. As Sacks pointed out, we all unconsciously see “the mommy” as being the mommy of that baby, and having the right or indeed the obligation to pick it up. But where do the two sentences come from? Jack Joyce takes up the story…

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Jack Joyce, Oxford

“The baby cried. The mommy picked it up” is a tried and tested illustration of Sacks’ assembling the apparatus of what he called Membership Categorisation Analysis (MCA) to analyse categories-in-use. A cursory search on Google Scholar reveals 743 citations using the quote. They range from membership categorisation analysis textbooks, studies of storytelling, studies of child-talk, studies of humour, clinical communication studies, countless PhD theses, to the Wikipedia page for Conversation Analysis. 

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Guest Blog: The Media from Inside: 4 weeks at the British Medical Journal

As social scientists, we have findings which should be communicated more broadly than just in the academic journals, and university press officers are keen to get us to engage with the media. But what do the media want? This fascinating blog by Anna Volkmer gives us an insight, as she reports on her four weeks behind the scenes at the BMJ, the hugely influential publication read by medical practitioners in the UK and beyond.

Anna Volkmer, University College London

I’ve often wondered what our university press officer wanted from me when she said “what’s the hook?”. I had approached her asking if my research might be interesting to any media or news outlets. I genuinely wasn’t sure. I had kind of anticipated that she would write “the hook”. Having undertaken a placement at the British Medical Journal (the BMJ) I now have a much better understanding of how to pitch an idea. And it needs to be done in one sentence.

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Guest Blog: Using multimodality CA in interviewing complainants with Intellectual Disabilities

How does the criminal justice system in England and Wales accommodate witnesses or defendants who have difficulty with language? Only within the last twenty years has much thought been given to vulnerable people who struggle to understand and communicate, especially in unfamiliar settings. Now, the system does recruit help, and I’m delighted to invite Tina Pereira, trained in conversation analysis, to explain how she uses multimodality CA to help all parties cope with the demands of police interviews, enabling them to deliver ‘best evidence’.  

Tina Pereira, The Intermediary Co-operative

Reader of this blog will hardly need reminding that human communication in everyday contexts is typically multimodal, and that embodied conduct i.e. interactions that includes physical objects, gesture, as well as spoken language, typically impart meaning in a communicative encounter. So it may surprise some that those latter channels have, until recently, been largely underplayed in the criminal justice system, which, traditionally, privileges text and speech. Think of legal documents, police interviews and the to-and-fro of the courtroom.

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